A barcode is a precise arrangement of geometric symbols, typically vertical bars that vary in width, that represent data in a machine-readable format.
Barcode is very much like a license plate. The numbers and/or letters stored in the barcode are unique identifiers that, when read, can be used by a computer to look up additional information about the item. For example, barcode on a chocolate bar is just an identifier of the product that is used by the point of sale system to look up the price, the tax code, the current discount, and various other sales data from a computer database.
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